Concepts & Mental Models
Atomic, permanent notes representing durable insights and patterns.
Catalog
- Atom - Smallest constituent unit of an element retaining chemical identity, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Boiling - Rapid bulk phase transition from liquid to gas occurring at a fixed boiling point throughout the liquid.
- Condensation - Exothermic phase transition where gas or vapor liquefies upon cooling or heat release.
- Diffusion - Net transport of particles driven by concentration gradients and thermal motion.
- Endothermic Change - Chemical reaction or physical process that absorbs thermal energy from the surroundings.
- Evaporation - Surface phase transition where high-energy particles escape liquid into gas below the boiling point.
- Exothermic Change - Chemical reaction or physical process that transfers thermal energy to the surroundings.
- Freezing - Exothermic phase transition where liquids solidify into regular lattices at the freezing point.
- Intermolecular Force - Attractive forces acting between neighboring molecules or particles, governing physical state and transition points.
- Intermolecular Space - The distance or empty space separating neighboring particles in a substance across physical states.
- Kinetic Particle Theory - Core scientific model describing states of matter and phase changes based on particle motion and arrangement.
- Lattice - Regular repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules forming a crystalline solid.
- Mass - Measure of the quantity of matter in an object, governing inertia and the inverse rate of particle diffusion.
- Melting - Endothermic phase transition where solids liquefy as thermal energy overcomes lattice bonds.
- Molecule - Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds.
- Open Knowledge Format - Progressive disclosure, provenance footnotes, and lifecycle guarantees.
- Particle - Fundamental microscopic unit of matter in physical sciences, encompassing atoms, molecules, and ions.
- Pure Substance - Single element or compound characterized by fixed composition and sharp melting and boiling points.
- Second Brain Methodology - Externalizing cognition through Capture, Organize, Distill, and Express.
- State of Matter - Distinct physical forms of matter governed by particle kinetics and intermolecular attractions.
- Volatile - Substances that evaporate easily and rapidly at room temperature due to weak intermolecular attractions.
- Volatility - Tendency and ease with which a substance transitions into vapor under standard conditions.